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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (01) : 13 -20. doi: 10.3877/ cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.01.003

临床论著

80 岁以上股骨颈骨折患者术后1 年死亡率的预测因素
皮颖1, 张强1, 黄志荣1,()   
  1. 1. 330000 南昌,江西中医药大学附属洪都中医院
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-09 出版日期:2025-02-01
  • 通信作者: 黄志荣

Predictive factors for one-year postoperative mortality in patients over 80 years old with femoral neck fractures

Ying Pi1, Qiang Zhang1, Zhirong Huang1,()   

  1. 1. Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, China
  • Received:2024-05-09 Published:2025-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Zhirong Huang
引用本文:

皮颖, 张强, 黄志荣. 80 岁以上股骨颈骨折患者术后1 年死亡率的预测因素[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(01): 13-20.

Ying Pi, Qiang Zhang, Zhirong Huang. Predictive factors for one-year postoperative mortality in patients over 80 years old with femoral neck fractures[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(01): 13-20.

目的

确定影响80岁及以上股骨颈骨折患者术后一年死亡率的危险因素。

方法

采用回顾性病例对照研究,纳入2019年1月至2023年12月期间在江西中医药大学附属洪都中医院因股骨颈骨折接受手术治疗的患者,纳入标准:年龄≥80 岁;股骨颈骨折;无明显手术禁忌;伤前可独立或在器械辅助下行走;具有良好的依从性。排除标准:病理性骨折;高能量损伤;陈旧骨折(受伤至手术时间>3 周);临床资料不完整者。研究其基线特征、病史和既往用药情况,分析相关临床参数,包括Charlson指数、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、巴塞尔(Barthel)指数和功能活动问卷(FAQ)评分等,记录随访期间的临床资料和并发症。使用Kaplan-Meier方法评估生存率,并使用Cox回归模型评估影响生存率的变量,计算各因素的风险比(HR)及95%置信区间(CI)。

结果

术后1年死亡率为20.4%,中位生存期为10.1(9.2,10.5)个月,年龄(t=3.778,P<0.001),FAQ评分(Z=-4.377,P<0.05), Barthel指数(t=15.240,P<0.001), 术前使用抗凝药(χ2=4.977,P<0.05), 国际标准化比值(INR)(t=11.621,P<0.001)在两组之间差异有统计学意义,ASA分级(χ2=1.127 , P=0.277)等其它指标在两组之间差异无统计学意义。Cox回归分析显示:年龄≥87岁[HR=3.5,95% CI(1.9,7.9),P<0.001]、Barthel指数<85分[HR=4.0,95% CI(1.3,12.7),P<0.05]以及入院前服用抗凝药物且INR≥1.5[HR=3.7,95% CI(2.1,7.7),P<0.05]是术后第一年死亡率具有统计学意义的预测因素。

结论

80岁或以上患者因股骨颈骨折接受手术,术后第一年死亡的预测因素是年龄≥87岁、Barthel指数评分≤85分及入院前服用抗凝药物且INR≥1.5。

Objective

To identify risk factors affecting one-year postoperative mortality in patients aged 80 years and older with femoral neck fractures.

Methods

This study used a retrospective case-control study on the patients who underwent surgical treatment for femoral neck fractures in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2023.Inclusion criteria: patients age ≥80 years old; femoral neck fracture; no obvious surgical contraindications; independent ambulation or ambulation with assistive devices before injury; good compliance.Exclusion criteria: pathological fractures; high-energy trauma; patients with old fractures (time from injury to surgery longer than three weeks); incomplete clinical data.Baseline characteristics, medical history,and prior medication use were studied.Relevant clinical parameters, including the Charlson comorbidity index,American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grading, Barthel index, and functional activity questionnaire (FAQ)score were analyzed.Clinical data and comorbidities were recorded during follow-up.The survival rate was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Variables influencing survival were assessed by Cox regression model.Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each factor were calculated.

Results

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 152 patients were included in this study, with 31 in the death group.The 1-year postoperative mortality rate was 20.4%, and the median survival period was 10.1 (9.2, 10.5)months.There were statistically significant differences in age (t=3.778, P<0.001), FAQ score (Z=-4.377,P<0.05), Barthel index (t=15.240, P<0.001), preoperative use of anticoagulants (χ2=4.977, P<0.05), and international normalized ratio INR (t=11.621, P<0.001) between the two groups.There was no statistically significant difference in other indicators such as ASA grading (χ²=1.127, P=0.277) between the two groups.Cox regression analysis showed that age ≥87 years [HR=3.5, 95% CI=(1.9,7.9), P<0.001], Barthel index<85 points [HR=4.0, 95% CI (1.3,12.7), P<0.05], and pre admission use of anticoagulant drugs with INR≥1.5 [HR=3.7, 95% CI (2.1,7.7), P<0.05] were statistically significant predictors of first-year mortality after surgery.

Conclusions

For patients aged 80 years or older undergoing surgery for femoral neck fractures, the predictive factors for death in the first year after surgery were age ≥87 years, Barthel index score ≤85, and taking anticoagulants with an INR ≥1.5 before admission.

表1 纳入研究患者的一般资料
Table 1 General data of the enrolled patients
指标Characteristics 死亡组Death group 非死亡组Non death grou 统计值Statistical values P
例数 Number of cases 31 121
年龄[ 岁,( x±s)] Age (year) 88. 7±4. 7 85. 7±3. 7 t=3. 778 <0. 001
性别(男/女) Gender (male/female) 11/20 26/95 χ ²=1. 167 >0. 05
身体质量指数[kg/m²,( xˉ±s)]Body mass index 27. 0±2. 7 26. 2±1. 9 t=0. 271 >0. 05
Charlson指数[MQ25Q75)]Charlson index 1. 3(1. 0,1. 6) 1. 6(1. 2,2. 1) Z=-1. 718 >0. 05
FAQ评分 FAQ scores[MQ25Q75)] 4. 5(3. 7,6. 1) 3. 3(2. 1,4. 7) Z=-4. 377 <0. 05
ASA[例(%)]
2(6. 5) 9(7. 4)
27(87. 1) 111(91. 7)
2(6. 5) 1(0. 8) χ ²=1. 127 >0. 05
Barthel指数 Barthel index(xˉ±s) 57. 8±19. 5 72. 9±16. 7 t=15. 240 <0. 001
抗血小板聚集药[例(%)] Antiplatelet drugs 4(12. 9) 21(18. 2) χ ²=0. 877 >0. 05
抗凝药[例(%)] Anticoagulants 8(25. 8) 10(8. 3) χ ²=4. 977 0. 023
血红蛋白[ g/L(,xˉ±s)] Hemoglobin 119. 0±21. 0 125. 0±16. 0 t=0. 747 >0. 05
红细胞比容Hematocrit value[%,(xˉ±s)] 36. 0±3. 3 37. 1±3. 7 t=0. 645 >0. 05
INR (x±s) 2. 1±1. 2 1. 2±0. 8 t=11. 621 <0. 001
血小板计数[109 个/L,(x±s)] Platelet counts 220. 8±55. 7 212±70. 7 t=0. 829 >0. 05
Garden分型[例(%)] Garden classification 26(83. 4) 99(81. 8) χ ²=2. 517 >0. 05
手术时间 Operation time[ min,(xˉ±s)] 87. 7±29. 7 91. 9±22. 7 t=1. 126 >0. 05
关节置换/内固定[例(%)]Hipreplacement/internal fixation 27(87. 1) 97(80. 2) χ ²=2. 738 >0. 05
术中并发症[例(%)] Intraoperative Complications 0 3(2. 5) χ ²=3. 018 >0. 05
术后24 h血红蛋白[g/L(,xˉ±s)]Postoperative 24h hemoglobin 9. 5±2. 2 9. 6±1. 7 t=1. 769 >0. 05
术后24h红细胞比容[%,(xˉ±s)]Postoperative 24h hematocrit 27. 8±5. 3 28. 9±4. 0 t=0. 877 >0. 05
输血[例(%)] Blood transfusion 16(51. 6) 48(40. 0) t=0. 910 >0. 05
住院时间[d(,xˉ±s)] Length of hospital stay 9. 8±4. 2 8. 0±2. 7 t=1. 177 >0. 05
内植物相关并发症[例(%)]Complications of internal implants 2(6. 5) 6(5. 0) χ ²=2. 037 >0. 05
图1 以1 年死亡率为终点的Kaplan-Meier 生存曲线图
Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier survival curve with 1-year mortality as the end point
图2 死亡组两例股骨颈骨折患者两次手术后双髋X 线正位片。图A 为第1 例患者右股骨颈骨折内固定术后10 个月,示右侧ANFH(股骨头缺血性坏死);图B 为第1 例患者全髋关节置换术后,示右侧人工全髋关节在位,双下肢基本等长;图C 为第2 例患者左侧股骨颈骨折人工股骨头置换术后,示左侧股骨假体周围骨折;图D 为第2 例患者行左侧股骨假体周围骨折内固定术后,示骨折块固定牢靠,假体未见松动
Figure 2 Bilateral hip joints X ray images at anteroposterior view of two patients with femoral neck fractures after two surgeries in the death group.A is the image of the first patient 10 months after internal fixation surgery for right femoral neck fracture, showing the avascular necrosis of the right femoral head; B is image of the first patient after total hip replacement for right hip, showing the artificial total hip joint in place and both lower limbs being of similar length; C is image of the second patient after artificial femoral head replacement for left femoral neck fracture, showing periprosthetic fracture of left femur; D is image after internal fixation for the left femoral fracture of the second patient, showing that the fracture fragment was firmly fixed and the prosthesis was not loose
表2 按群体划分的与生存相关的因素
Table 2 Factors related to survival divided by groups
表3 Cox比例风险模型的多因素分析
Table 3 Multivariate analysis ofCox proportional hazards model
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